Activity 1. Brainstorming 

In this part you’re going to listen a monologue about levels of government. Before that, answer the following questions:

1. What do you know about levels of government in your country?

2. How about the levels government in other countries?

3. How many levels of government do you know? What are they?

4. What is the role of each government?

5. What is the meaning of this word in Bahasa Indonesia:                                           

Necessary      :.............................

Look after : ................................                                    Defense :..............................

Law & order : ................................                                    Preventing :..............................

Vandalism : ................................                                    Conclude :..............................

Activity 2. Listening Phase 1

While listening to the mononologue, give numbers on the left side of each sentences based on the correct order. Let’s start to listen the monologue : “THREE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT”

Activity 3. Listening For Comprehending Information

Listen to the monologue once again and answer the following questions:

1. What is the monologue about?

2. How many levels of government are mentioned in the monologue? What are they?

3. Do you think that the division of the levels is important? Why?

4. What is the role of each level of goernment?

5. In your opinion, What happens if a country has only one level of government?

This pre-conclusive paragraph states the writer’s point of view about the topic discussed. Writer has show himself in clear position of the discussed topic. Paragraph 1 is the thesis of this analytical exposition text. It states the fact of the very fatal impact of the smoking habit. Clearly the writer wants to say that smoking is not a good habit.

Presenting arguments in analytical exposition text is as important as giving conflict plot in narrative text. The series of argument will strengthen the thesis stated before. In this example of analytical exposition text, paragraph 2 and 3 are the detail arguments presented in a reporting fact to support that smoking is not good even for smokers themselves. Furthermore, people who do not smoke but they are in smoky area have the bad effect too from the smoking habit.

This end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something like conclusive paragraph from the previous arguments. The last paragraph of this example of analytical exposition points again that smoking is not good for smokers and people around smokers

Is Smoking Good for Us?

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. Smoking is not a good habit for many reasons. Here are the facts that we can learn.

 About 50 thousands people die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking. Ninety percent of cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers.

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes. The passive smokers clearly get dangerous risk which influence their health. 

As a conclusion, smoking is not good for everyone, not only for the smokers themselves but also for the people around smokers.

Answer the following questions.

    ____________________________________________________________________________

Understanding the text structure 

1. What does the writer want with text ? 

2. In which part does the writer state his main idea as the focus of the discussion ? 

3. What are the arguments in the text ?

       What do you learn from the reiteration?

PRE-READING

1. Have you ever visited a forest in your city? What’s the name?

2. How is the condition of the forests in Wonogiri?

3. How is the condition of the forests in Indonesia?

4. Do you think forest is important for us? Explain why.

WHILE-READING

Read quickly the following text and answer the following questions:

5. What is the text about?

6. Why is it said that rainforest is the most complicated environment on earth?

7. How many arguments are there in the text proofing that the rainforests are important?

READING ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

The Importance of Rainforests

Rainforests are one of the most complicated environments on Earth. They are recognised worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals and are believed to contain nearly three-quarters of all the varieties of life on Earth. This is remarkable because rainforests cover only about six per cent of the Earth's land surface.

Rainforest are the oldest major ecosystem, having survived climate changes for more than one million years. They provide habitats for more species of plants, animals, insects and birds than any other environment found on our planet. Scientists estimate that between 60 and 90 per cent of all species of life are to be found in rain forests. Unfortunately, the widespread destruction of many of the world's rainforests has caused a significant decline in the number of plant and animal species on Earth.

Rainforests influence both our local and global climates. For example, between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the rainforest's trees. If large areas of these lush rainforests are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will drop. Eventually, the area's climate will get hotter and drier. This process could convert rainforests into a sparse grassland or desert.

Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses. By doing this, they are able to slow down water run-off by gradually releasing the water over time

into streams and rivers. This helps to control soil erosion and fl ooding.

Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas put into the air globally by humans, mainly by the burning of fossil fuels (for example in cars and factories). Rainforests are able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen in its place. This is why our global rainforests are often called the Earth's ‘lungs'.

Rainforests are major producers of the Earth's oxygen. In fact, scientists\ believe that nearly 50 per cent of the Earth's oxygen is produced by rainforest in the Amazon region alone. Nearly 40 per cent of the world's carbon is contained in the trees of the rainforests. As rainforests are cut down and burned, carbon dioxide is released into the Earth's atmosphere. Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced greenhouse effect.

To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life. It creates equilibrium in our environment and its resources are signifi cant for human beings survival.

(Taken from SOSE: Studies of Society and Environment)